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DEATH: 1952 VALTAT
BIRTH: 1912 GUTTUSO
^ Died on 02 January 1952: Louis Valtat, French Fauvist painter, printmaker, and stage designer, born on 08 August 1869.
— He spent much of his youth in Versailles, moving in 1887 to Paris, where he studied under Gustave Moreau at the École des Beaux-Arts and under Jules Dupré at the Académie Julian. There he met Maurice Denis, Pierre Bonnard, Édouard Vuillard and Albert André. With a keen interest in both artistic precedents and contemporary trends, he absorbed in the mid-1890s the chief tenets of Impressionism, van Gogh’s work and Pointillism before slowly developing his own style. In 1895 he collaborated with Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and André on the set of Aurélien-François Lugné-Poë’s play Chariot de terre cuite, performed at the Théâtre de l’Oeuvre, Paris. Under Toulouse-Lautrec’s influence, his own works darkened both in color and sentiment, for example Chez Maxim’s (1895), in which he depicted two gaunt, severe-looking women seated in a murky café. By 1896 he painted contemporary French life with an overall sunnier, more optimistic air, as in Water Carriers at Arcachon (1897), in which he referred to van Gogh, also looking to Fauvism for his use of bold colors.
LINKS
Femme dans un fauteuil (1903, 71x94cm) — Violet Rocks (Sea Tide) (1900; 575x715pix, 203kb)
Jeunes Femmes dans le Jardin (1898) — Antheor Bay (1907) — Sunlight under the Trees (1909)
^ Born on 02 January 1912: Renato Guttuso, Italian Expressionist painter and polemicist, the leader of the social realist group in Italy. He died in Rome on 18 January 1987.
— He gained his first practical experience of art in the form of Sicilian cart-painting in the bottega of a family friend Emilio Murdolo. The images of the exploits of the Normans in Sicily that adorned these carts instilled in Guttuso a strong and lasting preference for epic stories and vivacity of color; similarly, the knowledge that he gained of the Sicilian countryside and peasantry through his father, a land-surveyor and committed socialist, had a marked effect on his work as a mature artist. While still at school in Palermo, he began to study painting in 1928 under Pippo Rizzo [1898–], a minor Futurist who had extensive contacts with mainland Italy. He began studying law in 1930 at the University of Palermo but left the course soon after exhibiting at the Quadriennale in Rome in 1931.
— Born in Bagheria, near Palermo, Sicily, he abandoned law studies in 1931, to devote himself to painting. In Rome in 1933-1934 he associated with Cagli, Mafai, Fazzini, and others who were reacting against Novecento neoclassicism. Then he lived in Milan in 1935-1936, in contact with Birolli, Fontana and Persico. He settled in Rome in 1937. He painted The Flight from Etna, his first large realist composition of contemporary Italian life, in 1938. Guttuso took an active part in the struggle against the Fascists and Nazis and made a series of bitterly anti-Nazi drawings Gott mit Uns. In 1946 with Birolli, Vedova, Morlotti, Turcato, and others, he formed the group Fronte Nuovo delle Arti. Guttuso made frequent visits to Paris to study modern French art and for a time he was influenced by Picasso. Many of Guttuso's works have been inspired by the poverty and struggles of the Sicilian peasantry. His later works also include large paintings of the student riots in Paris in May 1968, the funeral of the Italian Communist leader Togliatti, etc., and a series of autobiographical canvases painted in 1965 and 1966.
— Compie gli studi liceali a Palermo, dove frequenta lo studio del pittore futurista Pippo Rizzo. Nel 1928 espone per la prima volta alla Mosra Sindacale Siciliana. Nel 1930 si iscrive alla Facoltà di giurisprudenza, che però abbandona l'anno seguente, per dedicarsi completamente alla pittura; nel 1931 è ammesso alla prima Quadriennale di Roma. Nel 1933 si stabilisce a Roma, dove stringe rapporti di amicizia con Corrado Cagli, Mario Mafai, Mirko Basaldella, Pericle Fazzini, Alberto Pivieri e Fausto Pirandello. Nel 1935 partecipa alla II Quadriennale e nel 1936 alla Biennale di Venezia. Durante una mostra alla galleria Il Milione di Milano, si costituisce il "Gruppo dei Quattro", formato da Nino Franchina, Giovanni Barbera, Lia Pasqualina Noto e Renato Guttuso. Dal 1935 al 1936 presta servizio militare a Milano, dove ha l'occasione di frequentare gli artisti Renato Birolli, Giacomo Manzù, Lucio Fontana, il poeta Salvatore Quasimodo, i critici Raffaele De Grada e Duilio Morosini, l'architetto Eldorado Persico e il filosofo Antonio Banfi. Nel 1938 si trasferisce definitivamente a Roma, dove realizza il primo dipinto epico-popolare, La fuga dall'Etna, e tiene una personale alla Galleria della Cometa. Due anni più tardi, insieme a Birolli, Cassinari, Manzù, Morlotti, Migneco, Sassu, e Vedova, aderisce al gruppo "Corrente". Nel 1942 al Premio Bergamo ottiene il secondo riconoscimento con la tela Crocifissione, un'aperta denuncia della politica del regime fascista che conferma la sua sensibilità nei confronti delle questioni sociali. In questo periodo, il pittore siciliano studia e reinterpreta le scattanti figurazioni del Picasso post-cubista, svolgendo un ruolo fondamentale nell'evoluzione in senso "realista" della pittura italiana. Negli anni della guerra partecipa attivamente alla Resistenza accanto ad Antonello Trombadori, figlio del pittore Francesco e suo fraterno amico, e ad altri esponenti del Partito Comunista. Dopo quest'esperienza realizza la serie di disegni intitolata Massacri, in seguito raccolti nell'album Gott mit uns. Nel 1947 aderisce al "Fronte Nuovo delle Arti", gruppo artistico che persegue il cammino di "Corrente" e che comprende artisti di diversa formazione uniti da simili necessità morali e dall'idea di fare della pittura un mezzo di rinnovamento sociale. Dagli anni Cinquanta è l'esponente principale di una corrente realista spesso polemicamente in lotta con le tendenze formaliste di molta arte astratta e politicamente impegnata nel sostegno del PCI; Guttuso, infatti, diventa membro ufficiale del comitato centrale del Partito Comunista nel 1951, anno in cui ottiene il premio Lenin a Mosca. Dal 1952 al 1961 partecipa con regolarità alla Biennale di Venezia e dal 1963 è membro dell'Accademia Nazionale dell'Unione Sovietica. Nel 1971 gli viene conferita la laurea honoris causa a Palermo e l'anno successivo i suoi scritti vengono pubblicati con il titolo Mestiere di pittore. Il numero delle mostre personali dedicate a Renato Guttuso nel corso della sua vita è vastissimo, così come sono innumerevoli le partecipazioni a collettive in istituzioni prestigiose sia in Italia sia all'estero. Nell'ultimo decennio della sua vita alterna l'impegno attivo in politica all'intensa attività espositiva: dal 1975, viene eletto nel consiglio comunale di Palermo e più tardi è nominato Senatore della Repubblica. Guttuso muore a Roma nel 1987, lasciando parte delle sue opere alla Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna a Roma e la produzione giovanile a Bagheria, sua città natale.

LINKS
Sicilian Carpenter (ZOOM) — La Nuvola Rossa (ZOOM)
The Mocking of Christ (595x400pix, 80kb)
Sulphur Miners (1949, 69x104cm) — Santa Panagia (Sicilia) (1956, 69x78cm)
Natura Morta nello Studio (1962, 32x34cm)
La discussione (1960, 220x248cm; 448x512pix, 43kb) _ The fervent nature of Guttuso's politics is captured in this painting. It mixes the reportage style of Socialist Realism with the modernist device of collage, and shows a scene of heated debate. Partial headlines are legible, such as ‘Proletariat’ and ‘Today in Moscow’. It coincided with Guttuso’s increasing need to defend art that was committed to realism at a time when many in the Western European Communist parties were questioning its value following the death of Stalin and the disintegration of Stalinism.

Died on a 02 January:


^ 1962 Kurt Seligmann, commits suicide, Swiss US painter, printmaker, sculptor, stage designer, and writer, born on 20 July (02 Jun?) 1900. He studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Geneva (1920) and at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence (1927). From this training he drew upon two dominant influences, combining a predilection for the illusionistic deep space and the clear vibrant color of the Italian tradition with the fantastic narratives explored by earlier Swiss artists such as Johann Heinrich Füseli, Ferdinand Hodler, Urs Graf and Niklaus Manuel Deutsch. — Robert Motherwell was a student of Seligmann. — LINKSNew Year's Greeting with Painter's Studio (1941 etching 11x9cm; full size) — New Year's Greeting with Surrealist Figure (etching 18x6cm; 3/4 size) — Acteon (etching; 640x476pix, 80kb)

1926 Harry Humphrey Moore, US artist born in 1844.

1901 George Smith, British artist born on 18 April 1829. — Not to be confused with George Smith [1714 – 07 Sep 1776]

1868 John Doyle “H.B.”, Irish English painter and printmaker born in Dublin in 1797. Dispossessed of his family estate, he left Ireland for London in 1821. He studied under the Italian landscape painter Gaspar Gabrielli (fl 1803–1833) at the Royal Dublin Society’s schools and under the miniature painter John Comerford [1770–1832]. He then spent nearly a decade experimenting with portraiture, first in oils and then in lithographs. The ease and economy of the latter, a relatively new medium, loosened Doyle’s line, and from 1829 to 1851 he produced a series of 917 prints satirizing the public face of English politics. For these prints he adopted the cipher ‘H. B.’ (from two ‘J. D.’s, one on top of the other). From the Catholic Relief Bill until the Ecclesiastical Title Act, H. B.’s prints caused London ‘to smile in a quiet, gentlemanlike kind of way’ (according to William Makepeace Thackeray) at faintly animalized depictions of Arthur, Duke of Wellington, Prime Ministers Disraeli, Palmerston and Melbourne, and the ubiquitous John Bull (or, as H. B. had it, ‘The man wot is easily led by the nose’). — John Doyle was the father of Richard Doyle [Sep 1824 – 10 Dec 1883]

1845 Antoinette-Cécile-Hortense Handebourt-Lescot, Parisian painter born Lescot on 14 December 1784. At the age of seven Hortense Lescot became a student of Guillaume Lethière, a family friend and popular history painter who was appointed director of the Académie de France in Rome in 1807. She followed him to Rome in 1808 and remained there until 1816, depicting the customs and costumes of the Italian peasantry in veristic detail. This experience abroad, rare for a woman artist, was a decisive influence on her art which in its picturesque and anecdotal images of everyday Italian life prefigured the work of the genre specialists J.-V. Schnetz and Léopold Robert. She married the architect Louis-Pierre Haudebourt [1788–1849] in 1820.


Born on a 02 January:


1821 Adolphe Alexandre Dillens, Belgian painter and etcher who died on 01 January 1877. He studied at the academy in Ghent. The source of most of his genre subjects was Zealand, and he represented scenes of that region’s daily life (e.g. Skaters in Zealand, 1860). He also produced a few portraits and a number of etchings. At the end of his life Dillens turned to painting historical and military scenes from Flemish life, such as Enlistment in the Austrian Netherlands. He was a prolific and successful artist, who worked with facility and did not hesitate to repeat himself in order to satisfy collectors. Although his pictures lack originality, they are notable for their precise draftsmanship, clear composition, and rich coloring. — His brother Henrik Dillens [1812–1872], like him a painter and etcher, had two sons, Albert Dillens [1844–], who painted fishing scenes, portraits, and a few religious works, and the sculptor and medallist Julien Dillens [08 Jun 1849 – 24 Dec 1904].

1795 Hendrik Bakhuyzen (or Backhuyzen) van de Sande, Dutch artist who died on 12 December 1860.

1783 Christoffer-Wilhelm Eckersberg, Danish painter and teacher who died on 22 July 1853. He has been called ‘the father of Danish painting’ because of the influence he exerted on Danish painters in the second quarter of the 19th century. With Christen Købke he was the leading painter of the Danish ‘Golden Age’ (1800–1850). He is best known for his landscapes, portraits and marine paintings, though he also painted some religious themes and subjects from Danish history in Christiansborg Palace. — Eckersberg's students included Wilhelm Ferdinand Bendz, Dankvart Christian Magnus Dreyer, Lorenz Frølich, Heinrich Louis Theodor Gurlitt, Louis Hansen, Carl Christian Constantin Hansen, Christen Schjellerup Købke, Carl Frederik Emanuel Larsen, Wilhelm Nicolai Marstrand, Daniel Herman Anton Melbye, Jørgen Roed, Martinus Christian Wedelstoft Rørbye, Adolph Tidemand, Johan Frederik Nicolai Vermehren.

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