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ART “4” “2”-DAY  18 January
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DEATH: 1818 BACCIARELLI
^ Died on 18 (05?) January 1818: Marcello Bacciarelli, in Warsaw, Italian Polish painter born on 16 February 1731 in Rome.
— He studied in Rome under Marco Benefial and in 1750 was summoned to the Dresden court of Elector Frederick Augustus II (Augustus III of Poland), where he worked as a draftsman in the picture gallery. In Dresden, Bacciarelli also painted portraits. Along with the entire Saxon court, he spent the years 1756–1764 in Warsaw, working as portrait painter to the aristocracy. At this time he also moved in Polish circles, getting to know the family of the future Polish king, Stanislav II Poniatowski (reg 1764–1795), among others. In 1764–1766 Bacciarelli worked at the imperial court in Vienna. From 1766 he settled permanently in Warsaw, where he was closely associated with Stanislav II and his court and worked as the chief propagator and interpreter of the artistic policy of the monarchy. In 1786 he was admitted into the Polish nobility. He became the King’s principal painter, organizing and maintaining the artistic workshop in the Royal Castle, supervising the decoration of the King’s residence (1776–1785) and coordinating the accumulation and maintenance of the royal collection. In 1786 he was appointed Director-General of the royal buildings. Bacciarelli enjoyed both the confidence and the friendship of the King. In 1787 he made a trip to Italy, where he was elected to membership of several academies. When the King was forced in 1795 to abandon the capital and abdicate the throne, Bacciarelli remained in Warsaw, maintaining overall control of artistic affairs in the city, and after the death of Stanislav II in 1798 he took control of matters relating to the King’s estate and the disposal of the royal collections. In 1816 he became honorary dean and professor at the newly founded faculty of education and fine art at Warsaw University. Bacciarelli regarded Poland as his homeland, and his descendants assumed Polish citizenship.
— W latach 50 tych pracowal w Dreznie na dworze Augusta II. Do Polski przyjechal na stale w 1766, po wczesniejszym pobycie na dworze cesarskim w Wiedniu. Byl nadwornym malarzem Stanislawa Augusta i jego doradca w sprawach sztuki. Malowal obrazy dekorujace wnetrza rezydencji królewskich (Zamek Królewski, Lazienki itp.). Najwiekszy talent wykazal jednak malujac portrety króla i magnaterii (namalowal ich okolo 200). Poczatkowo jego portrety utrzymane byly w tradycji baroku. W okresie pózniejszym, pod wplywem malarzy francuskich, tworzyl w stylu rokoko, a nastepnie neoklasycyzmu.
— Aleksandr Orlovsky and Jonas Rustemas were students of Bacciarelli.

The Academy of Krakow is founded in 1400 by King Wladyslaw Jagiello (1784; 1176x1605pix, 130kb) _ detail (764x808pix, 60kb) _ Drugi w kolejnosci obraz z cyklu przedstawia wydarzenie, które mialo miejsce w 1400 roku. Król Wladyslaw Jagiello w rok po smierci zony Jadwigi, która przekazala swój majatek uczelni, nadaje przywileje Akademii. Bp Piotr Wysz kleczacy przed wladca otrzymuje dokumentna nowo ustanawiajacy Krakowska Szkole Glówna. /powstala z inicjatywy Kazimierza Wielkiego przeszlo 30 lat wczesniej/ W ciemnoniebieskiej todze, stojacy na pierwszym planie rektor Stanislaw ze Skalmierza rozmawia z mezczyzna o wyraznych rysach Stanislawa Augusta Poniatowskiego. Obraz Bacciarellego powstal ok 1784 roku, a wiec duzo ponad 300 lat od wydarzenia przedstawianego. W nietypowy sposób, a zarazem jedyny jaki mógl sobie wyobrazic zdarzenie malarz doby Oswiecenia, artysta przedstawia obok historycznych osób mitologiczne muzy. Wsród nich mozemy rozpoznac dwie damy dworu: Minerwa - Helena Radziwillówna i Urania - Izabella Czartoryska. Za nimi stoja jeszcze Erato - muza poezji z lira oraz Klio - opiekunka historii. Dodanie do sceny historycznej postaci mitologicznych poszerza interpretacje dziela o dodatkowe znaczenia - doskonale rozumiane na salonach XVIII wiecznej Warszawy. Warto przy okazji zwrócic uwage na stroje i fryzury przedstawionych osób - szczególnie muzy wygladaja jak zywcem wziete z dworu króla Stanislawa. Bacciarelli nie musi studiowac historii, nie musi poznawac dawnej sztuki ani sledzic ksztaltowania ubioru... Wywiazuje sie z powierzonego zadania po swojemu - brak archaizacji /bez której nie moze obejsc sie malarz nastepnego stulecia/, wprowadza postacie mitologiczne, twarze przedstawionych naleza zas do znajomych artysty lub króla - nie pochodza ze sredniowiecznych sztychów czy innych dokumentów...

The Liberation of Vienna in 1683 (934x750pix, 78kb) _ Vienna was besieged by the Turks and Jan III Sobieski [17 Aug 1629 – 17 Jun 1796], who was elected King of Poland in May 1674, honored his 01 April 1683 alliance with Austria by coming to its aid with 25'000 soldiers and, as the senior commander, took command of the combined relief force of 75'000, which he led to a brilliant victory at the Kahlenberg (12 Sep 1683), one of the most decisive battles of European history. The painting is an equestrian portrait of Jan III. In Pióro Orla Polskiego wiedenska i strygonska opisujac ekspedycja the poet J. Boczylowic celebrated the king and the victory with these verses:
"Wiec juz do Wiednia, ledwo w bramie stanie,
Az 'Vivat, vivat rex!' - Niemców wolanie,
'To nasz salvator, to pan!' - wykrzykuja,
Ci suknie, ci zas rece mu caluja.
Do kosciola go Szczepana Swietego
Prowadza hurmem tryumfujacego,
'Vivat Rex' - nawet w kosciele wolaja,
Lub Cizszej kaza oni, zagluszaja.
I tam 'Te Deum laudamus' zaczeto,
Gdzie król, zwyciestwa celebrujac swieto,
Padl krzyzem, Bogu za ten cud dziekujac."


Portrait of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski in a Plumed Hat (after 1780).
– Portrait of King Jan Kazimier [1609-1672] _ detail
– Portrait of King Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki [31 Jul 1640 – 10 Nov 1673] _ detail _ The sitter was elected King of Poland in 1669.

Died on a 18 January:

1919 Joseph Wenglein, German artist born on 05 October 1845.

1892 George Theodore Berthon, in Toronto, Canadian painter of French origin, born in Vienna on 03 May 1806, son of René Théodore Berthon [1776–1859], court painter to Napoléon I, who was in Vienna at the time of George Theodore’s birth to paint a portrait of Francis I. The elder Berthon had been a student of Jacques-Louis David, and he trained his son in the French Neo-classical style.

1879 Friedrich Eduard Meyerheim, German artist born on 07 January 1808.

^ 1826 Balthasar Paul Ommeganck, Antwerp Flemish artist born on 26 December 1755. — {Of interest mainly to those who want to cover Flemish art from Alphanck to Ommeganck?} — He appears in the register of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1767 as an apprentice of the landscape painter Henri-Joseph Antonissen [1737–1794], who gave him a taste for sketching from nature. His friendship with the landscape painter Simon Denis [1755–1813], who also attended Antonissen’s studio, dates from this period. Ommeganck was a talented and highly successful artist who gave a new breadth and vigor to landscape painting in the Low Countries. He developed a new expressive range combining the light found in the work of the Dutch Italianate painters of the 17th century with detailed observation of the hills and vales of the Ardennes. With great skill he resolved the conflict between an idealized view of nature and his concern for realism. The original formula that Ommeganck invented was widely copied in the 18th century and early 19th. From 1796 Ommeganck was a teacher at the academy of arts in Antwerp. — Ommegankc était un peintre d'animaux, de portraits et de paysages, et un dessinateur. Etudie puis enseigne ŕ l'Académie d'Anvers. Travaille souvent dans les Ardennes. Réalise des commandes pour l'impératrice Joséphine. Nommé Commissaire pour le rapatriement des śuvres d'art dérobées par Napoléon (1815). Annonce le romantisme, par les subtils effets de lumičre et le ton de sentiment qu'il introduit dans ses paysages. Pčre du peintre Anna-Maria Ommeganck, qui suivra son style. — Eugène J. Verboeckhoven [08 Jun 1798 – 19 Jan 1881] and Jean Baptiste de Jonghe [08 Jan 1785 – 14 Oct 1844] were students of Ommeganck. — Cattle in a Meadow Near a River (1781; 100x124cm; 930x1160pix, 102kb) Grazing Cows (38x38cm; 812x800pix, 33kb) _ The countryside with a low horizon is bathed in the golden light of the late afternoon sun. Heavy rainy clouds are in the sky. While the standing cows are in the sunshine, the resting bull is completely engulfed in the shade of an unseen tree.

1721 Wigerus Vitringa, Dutch artist born in 1657.

^ 1650 Matteo Roselli, Italian artist born on 10 August 1578. Francesco Furini [1603-1646] was a student of Roselli. — The Triumph of David (701x605pix, 79kb) — Vergine del Rosario con S. Domenico e Santi (600x410pix, 68kb)

1613 Anthuenis (or Antoon) Claeissins (or Claeis; Claes; Claeiss; Claeissens), Bruges Flemish artist born in 1536, son of Pieter Claeissins I [1500 – 1576], and brother of Gillis Claeissins [<1536 – 17 Dec 1605] and of Pieter Claeissins II [<1536–1623].


Born on a 18 January:


1884 Antoine Pevsner, Russian French painter and sculptor who died on 12 April 1962, son of an industrialist. Brother of the sculptor Naum Gabo, he grew up in Bryansk. He studied at the School of Art in Kiev (1902-1909), where he first met Aleksandr Archipenko, and then spent a three-month probationary period at the Academy of Arts in St Petersburg. Among his early paintings, The Giant (1907) shows the influence of the Symbolist painter Mikhail Vrubel’, but Pevsner was also impressed by the Russian Byzantine tradition.

1874 Guglielmo Zocchi, Italian artist.

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