Deaths
which occurred on an 18 October:
2003 Two
soldiers of the US Task Force Ironhorse, in a motorized patrol
outside Kirkuk, Iraq, ambushed by rocket-propelled grenades and small arms
fire at 22:45. One US soldier is wounded.
2003 Tariq Abu Hussein,
39; Hussam Mughier, 26; Mrs. Widad Ajrami, 28; shot by attacking
Israeli troops in the Salam neighborhood of the Salam neighborhood of the
Rafah refugee camp, where Hamas militants, including Hussein, a commander,
and Mughier, were laying explosives along paths used by Israeli tanks. Mrs.
Ajrami was in a car which was peacefully coming to take casualties to a
hospital. Her husband and his brother are among some 16 Palestinians wounded.
2003 A Palestinian boy, 16, by Israeli occupation troops
firing a stone-throwers in Tul Karm, West Bank.
2003 Manuel
Vázquez Montalbán, 64, Spanish novelist, poet, playwright,
and leftist anti-Franco political commentator. Author of the novel Galíndez
(1990) and of 20 detective novels featuring the character Pepe Carvalho,
private eye.
2002 The four crewmen aboard two US
Navy F/A-18F Super Hornets fighter jets which crash at 09:40 into the Pacific
Ocean 130 km southwest of Monterey during a training flight with six VFA-41
Super Hornets. The fighters — the first to crash of the $57 million
newest and most advanced version of the
F/A-18 — were from Strike Fighter Squadron 41, based at Lemoore
Naval Air Station near Fresno. The pilots were members of the Black Aces,
a new squadron at Lemoore.
2002 Valentin Ivanovich Tzvetkov,
54, shot in the head not far from the Kremlin in Moscow, near the permanent
Moscow office of the Magadan region, of which he was governor.
2002
Three persons by terrorist bomb exploding at 22:00 on Golden Highway
Company bus on the EDSA highway in Quezon City, Philippines. 22 are injured.
2001 Atef Abayat, Jamal Nawara, and Issa Al Khateb, Fatah Palestinian
gunmen, as a the jeep which they were driving and which they had
received as a present two days earlier it explodes near Bethlehem. It is
apparently part of Israel's campaign of targeted assassinations. Abayat
was a militia leader wanted by Israel for the killing of a Jewish settler
woman in September 2001.
2001 Marwan Ibrahim Sabri Khalifa,
25, Palestinian, after a bullet hits him in the head from an Israeli sniper,
during an Israeli incursion to Albira in the early hours of the day
2001 Mohammad Ziad Abu Ras, Palestinian, hit by several
Israeli bullets and bomb shrapnel, as in the early hours the morning Israeli
forces penetrate the city of Albira, adjacent to Ramallah, from the eastern
direction, using tanks and artillery, machineguns, shelling, and shooting
at all directions.
2001 Reham Ibrahim Ward, 10, Palestinian
girl, hit by Israeli shelling together with 4 other girls and 3
adults, who are wounded, at her school in the German Colony in Jenin. Israeli
troops penetrated the city of Jenin after 07:00, from many directions, advancing
about three km in the “A” zone. An Israeli officer involved in the shooting
of the Palestinian girl is suspended (but not from gallows).
2000
Dozens of Yorubas, systematically massacred by Hausas, as the previous
days' ethnic violence in Lagos, Nigeria, spreads to several outskirts and
to Lagos Island.
1998 Medio millar personas calcinadas
a causa de la explosión de un oleoducto en la localidad de Apawor, en Nigeria,
provocado por el Ejército de Liberación Nacional.
1997 Roberto
Goizueta, empresario norteamericano.
1987 Theodore
Brameld, 83, author of Design For America — Education
as Power — Education For the Emerging Age: Newer Ends and Stronger
Means — Ends & Means in Education, A Midcentury Appraisal — Japan:
Culture, Education, and Change in Two Communities — Minority Problems
In the Public Schools. — Patterns of Educational Philosophy. —
Philosophies of Education in Cultural Perspective. — The remaking of
a culture: life and education in Puerto Rico — The Use of Explosive
Ideas In Education
1977 Hans Martin Schleyer,
German industrialist, found dead ^top^
On September 5, Schleyer, a Daimler-Benz
executive and head of the West German employers' association, was
kidnapped in Cologne by the Red Army Faction during an assault in
which his driver and three police were killed. The Red Army Faction
was a group of ultra-left revolutionaries who terrorized Germany for
three decades, assassinating at least thirty corporate, military,
and government leaders in an effort to topple capitalism in their
homeland. Six weeks after the kidnapping of Schleyer, Palestinian
terrorists, who had close ties with the RAF, hijacked a Lufthansa
airliner to Somalia, and demanded the release of eleven imprisoned
RAF members. On October 17, after the pilot was killed, a German special
forces team stormed the plane, releasing the captives and killing
the hijackers. The RAF's imprisoned leaders responded by committing
suicide in their jail cell in Stammheim, and Schleyer's murder was
ordered. The next day, 18 October Hanns Martin Schleyer was found
dead in Alsace, France. |
1970 Pierre Laporte,
Québec minister of labor, found dead
^top^
During the October Crisis in Canada, Laporte is found strangled to
death eight days after his kidnapping by the Québec Liberation
Front (FLQ), a militant separatist group. Canadian Prime Minister
Pierre Trudeau, who had refused to pay a ransom to the FLQ for Laporte's
life, responds to the murder by suspending civil liberties in Québec,
invoking the War Measures Act, and sending over 1000 troops to the
French-Canadian province. Over 500 Québec separatists are arrested
before the FLQ defuses the crisis by releasing another kidnapped official,
James R. Cross, the head of Montreal's British Trade Commission. The
October Crisis was a rare period of violence during Québec's
Quiet Revolution, an otherwise diplomatic effort by Québecois
politicians to gain greater autonomy within the English-dominated
federation of Canada. |
1970 Krim Belkacem, ex jefe del FLN argelino y opositor
al régimen del coronel Boumedienne, aparece asesinado en un hotel de Frankfurt.
1955 José Ortega y Gasset, filósofo y escritor español.
1949 Más de un millar de muertos y unos 100.000
damnificados en Guatemala, tras dos semanas de lluvias torrenciales.
1944 José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma, político y escritor
peruano.
1931 Thomas Edison,
84, at this home in West Orange, NJ, inventor.
^top^
Edison
was responsible for such major technological innovations as the electric
light bulb, the phonograph, and improvements to the telegraph and
telephone. The partially deaf son of a poor family, Edison had little
formal education. At sixteen, he took a job as a telegraph operator.
His hearing problems led him to experiment with ways to improve telegraph
equipment. His successful innovations eventually led him to New York
City, where he consulted with various telegraph companies and eventually
started his own research lab. Edison executed the first of his
1093 successful US patent applications on 13 October 1868 (#90'646
for an Electrographic
Vote-Recorder), and the last one on 06 January 1931 (#1'908'830
for a Holder
for Article to be Electroplated). They were for Batteries
(147), Electric
Light and Power (424), Motion
Pictures (9), Phonographs
and Sound Recording (199), Telegraphy
& Telephony (186), Mining
and Ore Milling (53), Cement
(49), Miscellany
(50, for example: Electrical Printing-Machines, Stencil-Pens, Addressing-Machine,
Type-Writer, Preserving Fruit, Plating One Material with Another,
Making Plate Glass, Expansible Pulley, Reheating Compressed Air, Handling
Cable-Drawn Cars on Inclines, Electrical Automobile, Vehicle-Wheel,
Cleaning Metallic Surfaces, Electrical Welding Apparatus, Grinding
Coal, Waterproofing Fibers and Fabrics, Flying-Machine, Starting and
Current-Supplying System for Automobiles, Projectile, Improving the
Rendition of Musical Compositions, Para-phenylene-di-amin, Transmitter,
Protective Coating for Steel and Iron, Extraction of Rubber from Plants
).
Born in Milan, Ohio, on 11
February 1847, Edison received little formal schooling, which was
customary for most children in the US at the time. He developed serious
hearing problems at an early age, and this disability provided the
motivation for many of his inventions. At age 16, he found work as
a telegraph operator and soon was devoting much of his energy and
natural ingenuity toward improving the telegraph system itself. By
1869, he was pursuing invention full-time and in 1876 moved into a
laboratory and machine shop in Menlo Park, New Jersey. Edison's experiments
were guided by his remarkable intuition, but he also took care to
employ assistants who provided the mathematical and technical expertise
he lacked.
At Menlo Park, Edison
continued his work on the telegraph, and in 1877 he stumbled on one
of his great inventions — the phonograph — while working
on a way to record telephone communication. Public demonstrations
of the phonograph made the Yankee inventor world famous, and he was
dubbed the "Wizard of Menlo Park." Although the discovery of a way
to record and play back sound ensured him a place in the annals of
history, it was just the first of several Edison creations that would
transform late 19th-century life.
Among other notable inventions, Edison and his assistants succeeded
in making the first practical incandescent lightbulb
on 21 18 October79, and a forerunner of the movie camera and projector
in the late 1880s. In 1887, he opened the world's first industrial
research laboratory at West Orange, where he employed dozens of workers
to systematically investigate a given subject. Perhaps his greatest
contribution to the modern industrial world came from his work in
electricity. He developed a complete electrical distribution system
for light and power, set up the world's first power plant in New York
City, and invented the alkaline battery, the first electric railroad,
and a host of other inventions that laid the basis for the modern
electric world. He continued to work into his 80s. |
1931 Lesser-Ury, Danish artist born on 07 November 1861.
1918 Koloman Moser, Austrian artist born on 30 Mar 1868.
— links to two images.
1916 Ignacio Pinazo y Camarlench, Spanish artist born on
11 January 1849.
1913 Rudolf Diesel es encontrado
muerto..
1903 John Callcott Horsley, British painter
born on 29 January 1817. — links
to images.
1893 Charles
François Gounod, compositor francés.
1871 Charles Babbage
^top^
Babbage
invented one of the earliest known automatic digital computers. A
prominent mathematician who helped found England's Analytic, Royal
Astronomical, and Statistical Societies, Babbage proposed the idea
of a mechanical calculator around 1812. In 1823, Parliament granted
Babbage funding to build such a machine, which he called the "Difference
Engine.” His protégé, Ada, the countess of Lovelace, helped devise
a method to program the machine using punched cards. Babbage devoted
the next ten years of his life to building the Difference Engine.
Unfortunately, after spending seventeen thousand pounds of government
funds and nearly the same amount from his own pocket, Babbage ran
out of money and was never able to build the machine. In 1854, a Swedish
engineer finally succeeded in constructing a Difference Engine based
on Babbage's theories. The machine was largely forgotten until Babbage's
drawings were rediscovered in 1937. |
1839 François Joseph Kinson (or Kinsoen), Flemish Belgian
painter born on 28 February 1771. — links
to images.
1793 John
Wilson, mathematician
1786 Alexander
Wilson, mathematician
1752 Felice Rubbiani,
Italian artist born on 30 December 1677.
1679 Jan van Kessel
II, Antwerp painter and draftsman baptized as an infant on 05 April
1626 — more
1678 Jacob Jordaens, Flemish artist born on 19 May 1593.
— links to images.
1676 Nathaniel Bacon, 29, rallied against Virginian
government
1646 Father Isaac
Jogues, SJ, born on 10 January 1607, is killed by the Mohawks
(who thought that he was a sorcerer responsible for an outbreak of sickness
and a blight on the crops) at Ossernenon near Auries, New York. He would
be canonized by Pope Pius XI on 29 June 1930, with seven other North American
martyrs. Their collective feast day is on 19 October.
1669
Abraham Willaerts, Dutch painter born in 1603. — links
to images.
1503 Pío III, Papa.
1495
Juan II "el Perfecto", rey de Portugal.
0707 John
VII, Pope |
On
an 18 October:
