ART 4 2-DAY
25 September
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DEATHS:
1561 BERRUGUETE — 1949 MANGUIN |
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Died on 25 September 1561: Alonso
Berruguete, Spanish Mannerist
painter and sculptor born in 1488. — He was the most distinguished Spanish artist of the 16th century, and his style dominated the central Iberian Peninsula. He integrated the expressive qualities of Gothic art with the beauty of the Renaissance. He brought to Spain Italian Mannerist ideas both in sculpture and painting and played a leading part in their development. Berruguete’s workshop became a meeting place in the same way as the conversazioni, the precursors of the academies in Italy. Patronized by leading figures of the day, his artistic and financial independence helped to improve the status of the artist. Spanish sculptor and painter, one of the five sons of Pedro Berruguete [1450 – 06 Jan 1504], learnt painting from his father but later, under the influence of Michelangelo, turned toward sculpting and became the major Spanish sculptor of the 16th century. He was trained in Italy and brought back Italian Mannerist ideas, both in sculpture and in painting. He went to Florence about 1504, where he saw and copied Michelangelo's lost cartoon for the Battle of Cascina (he is even mentioned in Michelangelo's letters). He may have been in Rome before returning to Florence for about 5 years before his final return to Spain in 1517. He was, therefore, acquainted with the early work of Pontormo and Rosso at the very beginning of Mannerism. His own work as a painter is close to Rosso, and he probably finished the Coronation of the Virgin which was left incomplete by Filippino Lippi at his death in 1504. He was active in Spain principally as a sculptor on such works as the altar of the Irish College, Salamanca (1529-1532) and especially the choir stalls in Toledo Cathedral (on the Epistle side), made between 1539 and 1543. These works, like his paintings, show a combination of the influences of Leonardo da Vinci, Andrea del Sarto and Raphael. He had an extremely successful career, being made Painter to the King on his return from Italy and ennobled in 1559. — Isidro Villoldo was an assistant of Berruguete. — Francisco Giralte was a student of Berruguete. LINKS Salomé (1514, 88x71cm) — Madonna with Child and Saint John the Baptist as a Child (1515; round 1103x1086pix framed) |
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Died on 25 September 1949: Henri-Charles
Manguin, French Fauvist painter born on 23 March 1874. — He studied under Gustave Moreau at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris from late 1894, making friends with his fellow students Albert Marquet, Henri Matisse, Jean Puy, and Georges Rouault, who were among those later to be labeled the Fauves when they exhibited together at the Salon d’Automne in 1905. Manguin’s Nude in the Studio (1903), in its rejection of local color, conspicuously broken brushstroke and subversion of traditional perspective, is an early example of his Fauvist style, which was considerably less revolutionary than that of Matisse or Maurice de Vlaminck. The picture is, however, given a personal twist by Manguin’s unusual framing devices and ambiguous space, for example in his use of a theoretically impossible reflection in a mirror to produce a picture within a picture. The disjunction that was noted at the time by Guillaume Apollinaire between Manguin’s use of heightened, unnaturalistic color and straightforward, almost academic drawing style is evident in a Self-portrait (1905), in which broadly brushed areas and patches of color break down traditional illusionism by drawing attention to the canvas surface. LINKS Walk in St. Tropez (1905) Fleurs (1915) Paysage à St. Tropez (1905) Matin à Cavaliere (1906) |