<<
Mar 15| HISTORY
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|Mar 17 >> Events, deaths, births, of MAR 16 [For Mar 16 Julian go to Gregorian date: 1583~1699: Mar 26 1700s: Mar 27 1800s: Mar 28 1900~2099: Mar 29] |
On
a March 16: 2003 Elections to Finland's 200-seat parliament. The opposition Center Party, led by Anneli Jäätteenmäki, 48 [photo >], gets 55 seats (it had 48). She is expected to form a coalition with some others of the 18 parties and to become the first woman Prime Minister of Finland. The Social Democrats of Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen, 62 [< photo], gets 53 (had 51). The Conservative Party gets 40 (had 46). 2001 The National Catholic Reporter cover story informs on several reports written by senior members of women’s religious orders and by a US priest. They assert that sexual abuse of nuns by priests, including rape, is a serious problem, especially in Africa and other parts of the developing world. The reports allege that some Catholic clergymen exploit their financial and spiritual authority to gain sexual favors from religious women, many of whom, in developing countries, are culturally conditioned to be subservient to men. The reports say that priests at times demand sex in exchange for favors, such as permission or certification to work in a given diocese. In Africa particularly, a continent ravaged by HIV and AIDS, young nuns are sometimes seen as safe targets of sexual activity. In a few extreme instances, according to the documentation, priests have impregnated nuns and then encouraged them to have abortions. 2000 In Atlanta, Black sheriffs deputies Ricky Kinchen and Aldranon English go in the evening to serve an old arrest warrant on Jamil Abdullah al-Amin (former H. Rap Brown, Black activist). Al-Amin shoots the two deputies. Kinchen dies the next day. English 1999 El índice Dow Jones (DJI) de Wall Street alcanza los 10'000 puntos por primera vez en sus 114 años de historia.recovers and testifies in Al-Amin's trial which results in his conviction on 09 March 2002. 1998 Rwanda, with 125'000 suspects for 500'000 murders, began mass trials for the country's 1994 genocide. 1998 La Iglesia Católica realiza un "acto de arrepentimiento" y de confraternización con todas la religiones, especialmente el judaísmo, al pedir perdón públicamente por su parte de responsabilidad "no directa" en "una de las mayores tragedias de nuestro siglo", como fue el holocausto judío durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. 1998 Hasbro purchases the rights to more than seventy-five Atari video games popular in the early 1980s, including Missile Command, Centipede, Pole Position, Pong, Combat, and Breakout. Hasbro had already had success in 1997 with an updated version of the vintage game Frogger. 1997 Se celebran elecciones legislativas y municipales en El Salvador, en las que ARENA, el partido gobernante desde 1989, sufre un revés en las urnas ante el avance del frente guerrillero FMLN (Frente Farabundo Martí de Liberación Nacional), que se sitúa como segunda fuerza dentro del mapa político del país. 1996 In his weekly radio address, President Bill Clinton accused the Republican-controlled House of bowing to "the back-alley whispers of the gun lobby" by gutting anti-terrorism legislation he'd submitted in response to the Oklahoma City bombing. 1996 For the first time, ordinary citizens were allowed inside the central archives of the Stasi, the former East German secret police. |
1995 IBM releases its annual report not only in print,
but also on the Internet and on CD-ROM. The CD-ROM has 15 minutes of video,
including an interview with Chairman Lou Gerstner, Jr., and an original
soundtrack. The Web version offers photos, graphics, sound, and video. 1995 Con casi 130 años de retraso, la esclavitud queda abolida en todo Estados Unidos: ratificación unánime por el estado de Mississippi de la XIII enmienda constitucional (18 Dec 1865), que la prohíbe. 1994 España es, a esta fecha, el país europeo más afectado por el SIDA, con 22'655 casos acumulados desde 1981.
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1988
Reagan orders US troops into Honduras.
^top^ As part of his continuing effort to put pressure on the leftist Sandinista government in Nicaragua, President Ronald Reagan orders over 3000 US troops to Honduras, claiming that Nicaraguan soldiers had crossed its borders. As with so many of the other actions taken against Nicaragua during the Reagan years, the result was only more confusion and criticism. Since taking office in 1981, the Reagan administration had used an assortment of means to try to remove the leftist Sandinista government of Nicaragua. President Reagan charged that the Sandinistas were pawns of the Soviet Union and were establishing a communist beachhead in the Western Hemisphere, though there was little evidence to support such an accusation. Nonetheless, Reagan's administration used economic and diplomatic pressure attempting to destabilize the Sandinista regime. Reagan poured millions of dollars of US military and economic aid into the so-called "Contras," anti-Sandinista rebels operating out of Honduras and Costa Rica. By 1988, however, the Contra program was coming under severe criticism from both the American people and Congress. Many Americans came to see the Contras as nothing more than terrorist mercenaries, and Congress had acted several times to limit the amount of US aid to the Contras. In an effort to circumvent Congressional control, the Reagan administration engaged in what came to be known as the Iran-Contra Affair, in which arms were illegally and covertly sold to Iran in order to fund the Contras. This scheme had come to light in late 1987. Indeed, on the very day that Reagan sent US troops to Honduras, his former national security advisor John Poindexter and former National Security staffer Lt. Col. Oliver North were indicted by the US government for fraud and theft related to Iran-Contra. The New York Times reported that Washington, not Honduras, had initiated the call for the US troops. In fact, the Honduran government could not even confirm whether Sandinista troops had actually crossed its borders, and Nicaragua steadfastly denied that it had entered Honduran territory. Whatever the truth of the matter, the troops stayed for a brief time and were withdrawn. The Sandinista government remained unfazed. |
1988
North and Poindexter indicted in Iran-Contra affair
^top^ As part of the Iran-Contra affair, Lieutenant Colonel Oliver L. North and Vice Admiral John M. Poindexter of the National Security Council (NSC) are indicted on charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States. The Iran-Contra affair first became public in late 1986, when it was revealed that members of the Reagan administration, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the armed forces were illegally selling arms to Iran for two purposes: to help secure the release of American hostages held in Lebanon by pro-Iranian groups, and to raise funds for the illicit support of the Contras in their guerrilla war against Nicaragua's Communist government. Under orders from President Ronald Reagan, Lieutenant Colonel North directed the operation and Vice Admiral Poindexter helped the NSC raise private and foreign funds for the Contras. Revelations about the Iran-Contra connection caused outrage in Congress, which in 1983 had passed the Boland amendments prohibiting the Defense Department, the CIA, or any other government agency from providing military aid to the Contras. In December 1986, Lawrence E. Walsh was named special prosecutor to investigate the matter, and over the course of the investigation thirteen top White House, State Department, and intelligence officials were found guilty on charges ranging from perjury to conspiracy to defraud the United States. Although President Reagan was heavily implicated by Oliver North in the televised congressional hearings and by Walsh in his final Iran-Contra report, neither he nor Vice President George Bush was directly indicted in the subsequent criminal trials. Oliver North, who was convicted on charges of obstruction of justice and destruction of evidence, eventually had all his convictions overturned by a federal judge because the prosecutors had used testimony that North had given to Congress under immunity. Poindexter would also be convicted and have his conviction overturned. Also indicted on charges relating to the Iran-Contra affair are retired Air Force Maj. Gen. Richard V. Secord and his business partner, Albert Hakim. These two would be sentenced to probation. |
1987 Primera entrega de los premios Goya en España. 1984 William Buckley, the CIA station chief in Beirut, is kidnapped; he would die in captivity. 1981 Los ministros de Asuntos Exteriores de la CE acuerdan en Bruselas el establecimiento de un pasaporte único europeo. 1978 Italian politician Aldo Moro is kidnapped by left-wing urban guerrillas, who later would murder him. Aldo Moro, líder del partido político italiano Democracia Cristiana, es secuestrado justo antes de su investidura como Presidente de la República. 1977 Author Alex Haley files suit against Doubleday, publisher of Roots, for not promoting the book and failing to land a competitive paperback contract. The book was made into a television miniseries, which attracted some 100 million viewers when it aired in January 1977.
1966 General Motors produces its 100'000'000th car, an Oldsmobile Toronado. 1958 the Ford Motor Company produces its 50'000'000th car, a Thunderbird.
1944 II Guerra Mundial: un intenso bombardeo aliado deja casi destruido el histórico monasterio de Monte Cassino (Italia meridional) que las tropas alemanas habían convertido en plaza fuerte.. 1939 Germany occupies Czechoslovakia. 1935 Hitler orders German rearmament, violating Versailles Treaty. El Gobierno alemán rechaza las cláusulas militares del Tratado de Versalles y proclama su libertad de acción sobre rearme. 1926 Robert Hutchings Goddard launches first liquid fuel rocket, it travels 56 meters. Robert Hutchings Goddard, físico estadounidense, hace volar el primer misil a combustible líquido de la historia en una llanura cerca de Auburn (Massachusetts). |
1921 Los bolcheviques, tras un acuerdo con Turquía, se apoderan de Armenia. 1909 A US federal court rules in Harper and Bros. v. Kalem Co. that the movie studio's 1907 production of Ben-Hur, based on the novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by Lew Wallace, and filmed without the author's permission, was a copyright violation. Kalem pays the author's estate $25'000 in damages. 1882 US Senate ratifies treaty establishing the Red Cross
1851 Firma del Concordato entre España y la Santa Sede para solucionar los problemas existentes entre el Estado y la Iglesia. 1836 The Republic of Texas approves a constitution. 1816 Llega a Le Havre el Elise, primer barco a vapor que cruzó el Canal de la Mancha. 1815 Willem I proclaimed king of the Netherlands, including Belgium 1621 First Indian appears at Plymouth, Massachusetts. 1560 Los hugonotes llevan a cabo la conjura de Amboise, cuyo objetivo era liberar al joven rey francés Francisco II y a la reina María Estuardo de la tutela de la familia Guisa. 1521 Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan reached the Philippines, where he would be killed by natives the following month. 1517 Fin del quinto Concilio de Letrán. 1366 Enrique II se proclama rey de Castilla en la ciudad de Calahorra. 1309 Tras abdicar Muhammad III, su hermano Nasr se convierte en el cuarto rey nazarí de Granada. 1190 Crusades begin massacre of Jews of York England 1079 Iran adopts solar Hijrah calendar --597 BC According to certain archaeological calculations, the first conquest of Jerusalem by Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar occurred. In the Bible, the event is recorded in 2 Kings 24:1ff. and in 2 Chronicles 36:5-8. It is also implied in the early chapters of Jeremiah and Ezekiel. |
Deaths
which occurred on a March 16: 2004 Florent Veseli, 9, and 2 other ethnic Albanian children, drowned, during the afternoon, in the Ibar River, near village Cabra, Kosovo, into which they had been forced by a mob of Serb youths, with dogs, from a neighboring village, enraged by the wounding by gunshot of a Serb, 19, the previous day. 2004 At least 2 Palestinians in attack by an Israeli helicopter which fires 3 missiles at a building. At least 14 persons are injured. 2004 A woman, 45, in the Ramón y Cajal hospital of Madrid, Spain, from injuries sustained in terrorist attack on train on 11 March 2004. She is the 201st to die from the 4 attacks of that date, the 12th who survived long enough to be admitted to a hospital. On 16 March 2004, 219 of the injured survivors remain hospitalized. 2004 Some 30 persons in 03:25 collapse of a 36-apartment section of a 9-story building in Arkhangelsk, Russia, after an explosion, apparently due to a gas leak caused by two homeless men who remove, from this and two neigboring buildings, some gas line fittings to sell them as scrap.[the scene later in the day >] 25 persons, variously injured, are rescued from under the debris. 2003 Ahmed al-Najar, 43, unarmed Palestinian shot in his home in the Tal as-Sultan neigborhood of Rafah, Gaza Strip, by Israeli troops. 2003 Rachel Corey, 23 [< photo], US peace activist from Olympia, Washington, at 16:45, by an Israeli military armored bulldozer, in front of it she was waving and yelling for it to stop from destroying the house of Palestinian Dr. Samir Masri in the al-Salam neighborhood of the Rafah refugee camp in the Gaza Strip, in violation of human rights and of international law. The bulldozer drove over her forwards and then backwards, covering her with sand, fracturing her skull and chest. There were other International Solidarity Movement activists there, 3 others from the US and 4 from the UK. One of them is injured. The Reuters of the al-Aqsa intifada (started on 29 Sep 2000) is now 1932 Palestinians and 726 Israelis, and does not explicitely include other nationalities. [photos below, left to right: the killer bulldozer — Corey before — Corey just after being run over twice] |
2002 Isaias Duarte Cancino, Archbishop of Cali, Colombia [photo >] The archbishop dies shortly after being shot at point-blank range in the mouth, skull, and chest as he left the Buen Pastor Church in one of the poorest neighborhoods of Cali (barrio Ricardo Balcázar in the Aguablanca district) at 20:30 after celebrating an evening mass wedding of 100 couples that had started at 19:00. The two murderers, about 20 years old at most, escape on a motorbike. At 16:00, the pastor of Buen Pastor, Father Oscar de la Vega, had phoned the police after seeing some suspicious individuals asking for protection, but none was forthcoming. The archbishop had denounced drug-money corruption in election campaigns, and leftist guerrillas and far-right paramilitary outlaws involved in Colombia's 38-year-old war which claims about 3500 mainly civilian lives a year. Archbishop Duarte was born on 15 February 1939. While residing at the Colegio Pio Latino Americano (a classmate of JFC) he studied teology at the Gregorian University in Rome, where he was ordained a priest on 01 December 1963. He was consecrated as a bishop (auxiliary of Bucaramanga) on 17 June 1985. On 18 June 1988 he was appointed the first bishop of the new diocese of Apartadó. On 19 August 1995 he was appointed Archbishop of Cali. The death of Duarte, the highest-ranking Catholic clergyman killed during decades of violence in Colombia, evoked the memories of other Latin American Roman Catholic leaders who were assassinated. El Salvador Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero (born 15 August 1917), shot by a sniper on 24 March 1980, had decried the brutality of the country's military during its civil war. Guatemalan Bishop Juan José Gerardi was bludgeoned to death on 26 April 1998 after accusing the military of human rights abuses during its civil war. In Mexico, Cardinal Juan Jesus Posadas Ocampo (born 10 Nov 1926) was killed on 24 May 1993, allegedly by drug traffickers 2001 Stephen Kanyan, 32, by a crocodile, while he and his two-year-old son are bathing in a river in Batang Lupar, southeast of Kuching, capital of the Malaysian state of Sarawak on Borneo island. A crocodile attacks! Kanyan pushes the boy to safety before being dragged underwater and eaten by the animal. In consequence police are issued two permits to hunt crocodiles at least 4.5 meters long (they are are normally protected in Sarawak). In February 2001, a police sharpshooter shot a crocodile that had attacked and eaten a child in the Niah River, in eastern Sarawak. 2001 Yulia Fomina, 27, flight attendant, a Turkish construction worker passenger, and one of the three Chechen hijackers, by gunshot from Saudi special forces storming the Tupolev aircraft on the tarmac of Medina airport. The hijackers, armed only with knives and no firearms, had, the previous day, seized an Istanbul-Moscow flight with 162 passengers and 12 crew members on board and forced the pilot to divert to Medina. Veintidós horas después de que un comando checheno secuestrara en Turquía un avión ruso con destino a Moscú y desviara su trayectoria hacia Arabia Saudí, las fuerzas especiales de Riad asaltan la nave. En la precipitada operación de rescate resultan muertas tres personas. 2000 Thomas Wilson Ferebee, 81, the Enola Gay bombardier who dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, dies in Windermere, Florida. 1998 Benjamín Spock, pionero de la pediatría moderna. 1992 Rocard, mathematician. 1989 Jesús María de Leizaola, político y lehendakari vasco. 1979 Jean Monnet, político francés, considerado uno de los "padres de Europa" y que fue primer presidente de la C.E.C.A. |
1968
The over 400 victims of the My
Lai massacre
^top^ During the Vietnam War, a US Army platoon from Charlie Company, 11th Brigade, Americal Division, massacres over four hundred unarmed South Vietnamese civilians in the village of My Lai in the district of Song My. The US GIs, under the command of Lieutenant William Calley, were on a tour of an area believed to be the location of a large enemy buildup. Upon approaching My Lai, which the US soldiers knew for its Viet Cong sympathies, Calley ordered his men to enter the village firing although there had been no report of enemy fire. The platoon’s "search and destroy" mission rapidly deteriorated into a massacre, as over hundred civilians, most women, children, and old men, were brutally murdered by the US troops. According to eyewitness accounts, old men and infants were bayoneted, praying women and children were shot in the back of the head, and several young girls were raped and subsequently murdered. For his part, Calley rounded up a large group of the villagers, ordered them into a ditch, and slaughtered them in a hail of machine gun fire. A few of the US soldiers, such as helicopter pilot Hugh Thompson, attempted to stop the killing. Thompson set his helicopter down between advancing US soldiers and a group of huddled civilians, and threatened to open fire on his comrades if they continued the massacre. Thompson thus saved these civilians from the fate of the other villagers. In later months, Thompson joined the effort over a handful of other eyewitnesses to convince the US Army to court-martial those responsible for the slaughter. Word of the incident did not reach the American public until November of 1969, when The New York Times published a story uncovering the massacre. The article also detailed the efforts of Ron Ridenhour, an ex-GI and Vietnam veteran who learned of the massacre from a Charlie Company eyewitness, to get Congress, the White House, and the Pentagon to investigate the matter. On 16 November 1969, the US Army announced that Lieutenant Calley and several others had been charged with the massacre and the subsequent cover-up. However, of the two dozen soldiers originally charged, only five were court-martialed, and only one, William Calley, was convicted. On 29 March 1971, Calley was found guilty of the premeditated murder of at least twenty-two Vietnamese civilians and sentenced to life imprisonment. However, his sentence was later reduced to twenty and then ten years, and in September of 1974, a federal court overturned the conviction and Calley was released. The massacre at My Lai contributed significantly to the growing disillusionment and national divisions in the United States over the war in Vietnam In what would become the most publicized war atrocity committed by US troops in Vietnam, a platoon slaughters between 200 and 500 unarmed villagers at My Lai 4, a cluster of hamlets in the coastal lowlands of the northernmost region of South Vietnam. My Lai 4 was situated in a heavily mined region where Viet Cong guerrillas were firmly entrenched and numerous members of the participating platoon had been killed or maimed during the preceding month. Lt. William L. Calley, a platoon leader, was leading his men on a search-and-destroy mission; the unit entered the village only to find women, children, and old men. Frustrated by unanswered losses due to snipers and mines, the soldiers took out their anger on the villagers. During the ensuing massacre, several old men were bayoneted; some women and children praying outside the local temple were shot in the back of the head; and at least one girl was raped before being killed. Others were systematically rounded up and led to a nearby ditch where they were executed. Reportedly, the killing was only stopped when Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson, an aero-scout helicopter pilot, landed his helicopter between the Americans and the fleeing South Vietnamese, confronting the soldiers and blocking them from further action against the villagers. The incident was subsequently covered up, but came to light a year later. An Army board of inquiry investigated the massacre and produced a list of 30 persons who knew of the atrocity. Only 14, including Calley and his company commander, Captain Ernest Medina, were charged with crimes. All eventually had their charges dismissed or were acquitted by courts-martial except Calley, who was found guilty of personally murdering 22 civilians and sentenced to life imprisonment. His sentence was reduced to 20 years by the Court of Military Appeals and further reduced later to 10 years by the Secretary of the Army. Proclaimed by much of the public as a scapegoat, Calley was paroled in 1974 after having served about a third of his 10-year sentence. |
1957 Constantin Brancusi, Romanian abstract sculptor,
a French citizen since 13 June 1952. He was born on 19 February 1876. —
link to images. 1955 (or 17 March?) Nicolas de Staël, French painter born on 05 January 1914. — more with links to images.
1935 John James Richard MacLeod, médico irlandés, descubridor de la insulina. 1933 Alfréd Haar, Hungarian mathematician born on 11 October 1885. He worked in analysis studying orthogonal systems of functions, partial differential equations, Chebyshev approximations and linear inequalities. He is best remembered for his work on analysis on groups, introducing a measure on groups, now called the Haar measure. 1930 Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, marqués de Estella, born on 08 January 1870, general and statesman who, as dictator of Spain from September 1923 to January 1930, founded an authoritarian and nationalistic regime that attempted to unify the nation around the motto “patria, religión y monarquía.” Though it enjoyed success in certain areas, his repressive government failed to create an acceptablepolitical system and succumbed to the widespread discontent that it had engendered. 1925 August von Wassermann, médico alemán. 1922 Halsted, mathematician. 1922 Robert Russ, Austrian artist born on 07 July 1847. 1914 Gaston Calmette, editor of Le Figaro, killed by Mme. Caillaux. 1910 Juan de Dios Peza, poeta mexicano. 1908 Marceli G. Suchorowski, Russian painter mainly of portraits and women, born in 1840. — more with links to images.
1881 Francisco Chico Forster, 40, shot by his lover Lastania Abarta, 18, in Los Angeles, after he reneged on promise to marry her. Abarta would plead that this caused female hysteria in her, and be acquitted. 1841 Savart, mathematician. 1838 Nathaniel Bowditch, 64, mathematician, astronomer, and navigation expert. 1837 baron François-Xavier Fabre, French painter specialized in Portraits, born on 01 April 1766 {no fooling!}. — more with links to images. 1827 Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, matemático francés. 1792 Gustavo III, rey de Suecia. 1736 Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, compositor italiano. 1670 Jean Michelin, French Protestant painter born before 1616. Not to be confused with the other French Protestant painter Jean Michelin [1623 – 03 Mar 1695] — links to images. 1639 Pieter Deneyn (or de Neyn), Dutch artist born on 16 December 1597. |
Births
which occurred on a March 16: 1936 Francisco Ibáñez, dibujante español, autor de "Mortadelo y Filemón" y otros personajes del cómic infantil. 1928 Ramón Barce, músico y escritor español. 1927 Daniel Patrick Moynihan UN ambassador/(Sen-D-NY) 1924 Marinero en tierra, de Rafael Alberti, se publica.
1903 Mike Mansfield (Sen-D-Mont) majority whip. 1893 Ramón de la Cadena y Brualla, marqués de la Cadena, escritor y periodista español. 1892 César Abraham Vallejo, poeta peruano. 1892 James Petrillo, US labor leader who died on 23 October 1984. 1881 Barnum and Bailey Circus debuts. 1881 Pierre Paulus du Châtelet, Belgian artist who died in 1959. 1880 Paul Jouve, French artist who died in 1973. 1878 Reza Khan Pahlavi. Iranian Shah (1925-41) He died on 26 July 1944. 1868 (Julian date: go to 28 March Gregorian) Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov Maksim Gorky
1846 Gösta Mittag-Leffler, mathematician. |
1839
René-François-Armand "Sully" Prudhomme, in Paris.
^top^ French poet who was a leading member of the Parnassian movement, which sought to restore elegance, balance, and aesthetic standards to poetry, in reaction to the excesses of Romanticism. He was awarded the first Nobel Prize for Literature in 1901. He wrote Stances et poèmes (1865) which contains his best known poem, Le vase brisé, Les Épreuves (1866), and Les Solitudes (1869). Two of his best known philosophical works in verse are La Justice (1878) and Le Bonheur (1888), the latter an exploration of the Faustian search for love and knowledge. Fils de commerçants très aisés, ingénieur au Creusot. Bientôt déçu par le travail, il retourna à Paris pour y faire son droit. Après ses études, il fut rebuté par un stage chez un notaire et décida de se consacrer (grâce sa fortune personnelle) à la poésie. Il avait vingt-six ans lorsqu'il publia son premier recueil : Stances et Poèmes (1865). Ce livre, favorablement accueilli par Sainte-Beuve, eut un succès immédiat. Le Vase brisé [La rompita vaso] était récité partout. Ce succès permit à Sully Prudhomme de collaborer au Parnasse fondé par Leconte de Lisle, collaboration qui accentua encore son souci de la perfection formelle. Avec Les Solitudes (1869), sa poésie commença à prendre un caractère philosophique. Cette préoccupation s'affirma par la publication d'une traduction en vers (1869) de De la nature des choses de Lucrèce. Durant le siège de Paris, Sully Prudhomme s'enrôla dans la garde mobile, et le froid, les fatigues et les privations lui valurent une attaque de paralysie dont il ressentit les conséquences toute sa vie. Cette expérience et ses réflexions sur la guerre sont le thème d'un livre paru sous le titre : Impressions de guerre. Son oeuvre de «poésie philosophique» se poursuivit avec Les Destins (1872), mais il revint un moment à une poésie plus intime et plus sentimentale avec Les Vaines Tendresses ( 1875). Il entreprit ensuite deux très longs poèmes qui devaient représenter sa somme philosophique: La Justice (1878), est une sorte d'enquête morale et sociale; Le Bonheur (1888) est une vaste épopée symbolique. La préciosité et le verbalisme marquent ses deux autres recueils, Le Prisme et La Révolte des fleurs (1886). Sully Prudhomme fut élu à l'Académie française en 1881 et son oeuvre, où figurent également des essais d'esthétique, de philosophie et de critique, fut couronnée par le premier Prix Nobel le 10 décembre 1901, prix dont il consacra le montant à la fondation d'un prix de poésie décerné sous l'égide de la Société des gens de lettres. Sully Prudhomme est mort à Châtenay-Malabry (Hauts-de-Seine actuels) le 7 septembre 1907. |
Le vase briséLe vase où meurt cette verveine D'un coup d'évantail fut fêlé; Le coup dut l'effleurer à peine : Aucun bruit ne l'a révélé. Mais la légère meurtrissure, Mordant le cristal chaque jour, D'une marche invisible et sûre, En a fait lentement le tour. Son eau fraîche a fui goutte à goutte, Le suc des fleurs s'est épuisé; Personne encore ne s'en doute, N'y touchez pas, il est brisé. Souvent aussi la main qu'on aime, Effleurant le cur, le meurtrit; Puis le cur se fend de lui-même, La fleur de son amour périt; Toujours intact aux yeux du monde, Il sent croître et pleurer tout bas Sa blessure fine et profonde; Il est brisé, n'y touchez pas. |
PRUDHOMME ONLINE: Clé: V Les vaines tendresses S Les solitudes E Epaves R Les épreuves P Stances et poèmes I La vie intérieure |
1802
United States Military Academy established
^top^ At West Point, New York, the United States Military Academy the first military school in the United States is founded by Congress for the purpose of educating and training young men in the theory and practice of military science. Located on the high west bank of the Hudson River, West Point was the site of a Revolutionary-era fort built to protect the Hudson River Valley from British attack. In 1780, Patriot General Benedict Arnold, the commander in charge of the fort, agreed to surrender West Point to the British in exchange for six thousand pounds. However, the plot was uncovered before it fell into British hands, and Arnold fled to British protection. In 1802, the US Military Academy was established at West Point, and in 1812, growing threat of another war with Great Britain resulted in congressional action to expand the academy’s facilities and increase the West Point corps. Beginning in 1817, the US Military Academy was reorganized by superintendent Sylvanus Thayer--later known as the "father of West Point"--and the school became one of the nation’s finest sources of civil engineers. During the Mexican-American War, West Point graduates filled the leading ranks of the victorious US forces, and with the outbreak of the Civil War, former West Point classmates regrettably lined up against either in the defense of their native states. In 1870, the first African American cadet was admitted into the United States Military Academy, and in 1976, the first female cadets. The academy is now under the general direction and supervision of the department of the US Army, and has an enrollment of about 4300 students. |
1789
Georg
Simon Ohm, German physicist and mathematician. 1789 Francis Chesney, English soldier, explorer and Middle East traveler who died on 30 January 1872. 1787 Georg Simon Ohm physicist (discovered Ohm's Law) 1771 baron Antoine-Jean Gros, French Neoclassical / Romantic painter, who commited suicide on 26 June 1835. MORE ON GROS AT ART 4 MARCH with links to images. 1568 Juan Martínez Montañés, escultor español. 1764 Joseph Dorffmeister, Hungarian artist who died in 1814. 1751 James Madison (D-R), 4th US president (1809-17) in Port Conway, Virginia. He died on 28 June 1836. 1750 Caroline Herschel, German-born English astronomer and mathematician who died on 09 January 1848. 1750 Isaak Ouwater, Dutch painter who died on 04 March 1793. MORE ON OUWATER AT ART 4 MARCH with links to images. 1667 Antoine Rivalz, French painter 1735 who died on 07 September 1735. MORE ON RIVALTZ AT ART 4 MARCH with links to images. 1665 Giuseppe-Maria Crespi lo Spagnolo, Bolognese painter who died on 16 July 1747. MORE ON CRESPI AT ART 4 MARCH with links to images. 1478 Hieronymus Emser, German theologian, lecturer, editor and essayist who died on 08 November 1527. Holidays Surinam : Holi Phagwah Umatilla, OR : Curlew Day Religious Observances RC : SS Abraham, hermit, and Mary, penitent / RC : St John de Brébeuf and companions/martyrs /Santos Ciriaco, Hilario, Agapito y Heriberto. Christian : Feast of fictional St Urho, patron of Finland ^top^ St. Urho is a legendary patron saint of Finnish Vineyard workers. According to fabricated American legend, wild grapes were threatened by a plague of grasshoppers until St. Urho raised his staff and bellowed: "Heinasirkka, heinasirkka, menetaalta hiiteen." ("Grasshopper, Grasshopper, go away!"). With these effective words he is credited for miraculously ridding Finland of grasshoppers and thereby saving the grapes. Each year, St. Urho's Day is celebrated on March 16 — the day before St. Patrick's Day. [< Saint Urho's statue in Menahga, Minnesota.] St. Urho was first celebrated in spring 1956. This is just an estimate, but the years 1956-1957 seems to be about the time when St. Urho was born. The verbal chronicles state that St. Urho was born in Virginia, Minnesota. According to the legend, St. Urho was hailed into existence in St. Patrick's party in the 17th of March in 1956. St. Patrick an Irish legend, who've been claimed to expel the snakes from Ireland. Richard Mattson, a departmental manager at the Ketola department store in Virginia really knocked this story down. He told immense stories of a Finnish saint, who's spell drove the poisonous frogs out of Finland. While joking to his Irish friends, Mattson thought of several names to this magnificient saint. Saint Eero or Saint Jussi weren't quite what Mattson was trying to get at, but Saint Urho had that right, authoritative tone. Gene McCavic, who worked at the same store as Mattson did, wrote an ode to Urho. The ode was about a boy named Urho, who got enormous strength from fishsoup and sour whole milk. Dr. Sulo Havumäki, a psychology teacher at Bemidji College, has also been named as one of the composers of the legend of Urho. His Urho chanted a huge swarm of grasshoppers into sea and saved the vintage of Finnish farmers. When Urho Kekkonen became the president of Finland in March 1956 many believed that St. Urho's name was taken from Kekkonen. The famous namesake might have accelerated the spread of St. Urho's Day. The cities Menahga , New York Mills and Wolf Lake in Minnesota at least know St. Urho. Menahga even has a statue of St. Urho. So has Finland, Minnesota. [photo >] The ceremonies and rituals vary and change from year to year. It is said that the celebrants don't care about the story being totally made up. The winter of North Minnesota is long. The parties of St Urho's and St. Patrick's Days give a warm breeze and a good reason to party two days in a row. This photo, discoverd in the Saint Urho Archives, shows two of the Saint's disciples carrying home the day's hunt. Finnish historians consider that this picture shows a re-enactment of a scene that occured just before the last Ice Age. A learned investigation into the fabrication of the Saint Urho legend. Another account. Misunderstood from the radio: Today the One-Minute Army Band will perform at .... [what they said was 60 second] Thoughts for the day: He is truly wise who gains wisdom from another`s mishap. He is truly a lawyer who gains wealth from another`s mishap. He is truly diabolical who gains pleasure from another`s mishap. He is truly foolish who blames another for his own mishap. He is truly wicked who gains wisdom from another`s mishap, and does nothing to help.
http://www.safran-arts.com/42day/history/h4mar/h4mar16.html http://members.xoom.virgilio.it/all42day/history/h4mar/h4mar16.html updated Sunday 21-Mar-2004 2:59 UT site safe for children |